2020年阜阳中小学教师考编英语学科专业相关常识状语从句定语从句宾语从句主语从句

原标题：2020年阜阳中小学教师考编英语学科专业相关常识状语从句定语从句宾语从句主语从句

考点十八 状语从句

1.时刻状语从句

1)由when 、 while、as（当……时分）引导的时刻状语从句。

When jack got home , his mother was cooking .

2)由after/ before (在….之后/ 前)引导的时刻状语从句。

The football match played after school was over .

3)由as soon as (一…..就……)引导的时刻状语从句。

I’ll ring you as soon as I reach Beijing .

4)由not….until（直到…..才…..）引导的时刻状语从句。

They didn’t stop until they finished the work .

2.原因状语从句

由because 、since 、as（由于、已然、由于）引导的原因状语从句。

Since you have known about that , please tell us what to do .

3.地址状语从句

由where, anywhere, everywhere, wherever（不管在哪儿） 引导的地址状语从句。

Wherever he goes , he always brings his pet dog .

The school was built where there had once been a cemetery.

4.意图状语从句

由so that, in order that (以便、为的是)引导意图状语从句。

He got up very early so that he could catch the early bus .

5.条件状语从句

由if或unless 引导条件状语从句。

I won’t go to his party unless I am invited .

6.比较状语从句

由than、 as…as、not as……as 引导比较状语从句。

There are more students in our class than in theirs .

7.退让状语从句

由though 、even though/ if 、although引导退让状语从句。

Although he didn’t pass the exam ,his father didn’t get angry with him .

8.方法状语从句

由as if (如同)引导方法状语从句。

He talked about that as if he knew everything .

9.成果状语从句

由so…that…、such….that…（如此…..以致于…）引导成果状语从句。

It was raining so hard that we couldn’t see the road .

考点十九 宾语从句

一、根本用法

1.概念：在句中担任宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。

He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)

Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.

2.衔接词

(1)陈说句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that，白话中常常省掉。

She told me (that) she would like to go with us.

(2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 首要用来引导一般疑问句意思或挑选疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈说语序

I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei .

【留意】正常的状况下，whether 和if 能够互用， 但有些状况破例。

a. 当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether 不必if

We are talking about whether we'll accept his suggestion.

b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.

You'd better decide for yourself whether to go or not.

(3)特别疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特别疑问词，引导词后要用陈说句语序。

Could you tell me what's the matterwrong with you?

3.宾语从句时态

a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的约束，依据本身的需求选用相应的时态。例如：

Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?

b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：

I didn't know （if/whether he had seen the film.）

【留意】当主句是一般过去时，而从句表明的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句依然要用一般现在时。例如：

He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）

二、宾语从句的转化

1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相一起，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：

She agreed that she could help me with my maths.

→She agreed to help me with my maths.

2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后边带特别疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须共同这时从句能够简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如：

I don't know which sweater I should buy.→I don't know which sweater to buy.

考点二十 主语从句

一、主语从句的引导词

1. that引导

That he is still alive is a wonder.

That we shall be late is certain.

2. whether引导

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.

Whether they would support us was a problem.

3. 衔接代词引导

Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet.

Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.

Whichever you want is yours.

4. 衔接副词引导

When we arrive doesn’t matter.

How it was done was a mystery.

5. 联系代词型what引导

What we need is money.

What I want to know is this.

二、主语从句与方式主语it

有时为了考虑语句平衡，一般在主语从句处运用方式主语it，而将真实的主语从句移至句末。这分三种状况：

(1) 关于以连词that引导的主语从句，一般用方式主语it代主语从句：

It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很惋惜他没来。

It is important that he should know about this. 他有必要知道此事。

(2) 关于以衔接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，能够正常的运用方式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首运用主语从句：

Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支撑咱们仍是一个问题。

It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支撑咱们仍是一个问题。

(3) 对联系代词型what引导的主语从句，一般直接将主语从句放在句首。如：

What we need is money. 咱们应该的是钱。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的便是这一点。

有时也可用方式主语。如：

It is clear enough what he meant. 他是啥意思很清楚。

三、连词that的省掉问题

引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接坐落句首，则that不能省掉；若that引导的主语从句坐落句末，而在句首运用了方式主语it，则that能够省掉：

That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很惋惜你没去听陈述。(that不行省)

It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很惋惜你没去听陈述。(that可省)

考点二十一 表语从句

一、界说

在句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

二、引导表语从句的关联词的品种

(1)隶属连词that。在从句中不做成分。

The trouble is that I have lost his address.

The reason was that he was late for school.

(2)隶属连词whether,as,as if。

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.

The question is whether they will be able to help us.

注：隶属连词if一般不必来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句。

注：能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look，sound等。如：

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.

It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. (3)衔接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever在表语从句中做主语、宾语等。

The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是咱们能找到谁去替换她呢。

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那便是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

(4)衔接副词 where, when, how, why。

What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何时脱离的。

This is where they once lived. 这便是他们从前住过的当地。 That is why he didn't come here.

The question is how he did it.

(5)连词because可引导表语从句。

That's because he didn't understand me. 那是由于他没有了解我.(That's because...着重原因)

That's why he got angry with me.那正是他对我气愤的原因。(That's why...着重成果)

(6)在一些表明“主张、劝说、指令”的名词后边的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表明，should可省掉。如：

My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的主张是咱们明日一早就动身。

考点二十二 同位语从句

一、同位语从句在句中的方位

1. 正常的状况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后边，用以阐明该名词所表达的详细内容。

The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.

I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.

2. 有时同位语从句能够不紧跟在它所阐明的名词后，而被其他词语离隔，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.

The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.

二、同位语从句衔接词的选用

在英语中，引导同位语从句的词一般有连词（that，who，whether），衔接副词（how，when，where）等。

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

The question who should do the work requires consideration.

We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

【留意】在名词doubt“置疑”后的同位语从句用whether衔接；在no doubt“不置疑”之后的同位语从句用that衔接。例如：

We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.

There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.

◆ that引导的同位语从句

有些名词的后边能够接that引导的同位语从句，这些名词有advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word。

We came to the decision that we must act at once.

He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.

◆ whether引导的同位语从句（不行用if）

He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there.

I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.

考点二十三 定语从句

一、定语从句的界说

在复合句中， 润饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所润饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫联系词。联系词包含联系代词who(宾格whom,所有格whose),that, which 和联系副词where, when, why 等。

二、定语从句的品种

定语从句可大致分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

1.限定性定语从句：它是先行词在含义上必不行少的定语，假如去掉，主句的意思就不完好或失掉含义。

The man that wears a red hat is my uncle.

2.非限定性定语从句：它仅仅对先行词作附加弥补阐明，假如去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完好。书写时往往用逗号分隔。非限定性定语从句一般不必that 引导，并且不能够省掉联系词。

The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company.

Beijing, which is the capital city of China, is a very beautiful city.

三、联系代词的用法

在定语从句中， 联系代词起着衔接主句与从句，指代先行词和在从句中作语句成分的三重效果。联系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及联系代词在从句中作何种成分。

（一）联系代词who, whom 的用法

1.who 能够替代人（即它的先行词有必要是人），在从句中担任主语，往往也能够替代在从句中担任宾格的whom，但它的前面不能有介词，假如带介词则有必要用宾格whom，即“介词+whom”.

Jim is a person who always has novel ideas.

The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr. Depp.

The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp.

（二）联系代词whose 的用法

联系代词whose 是联系代词who 的所有格方式，它既能够代人，也能够代物。当whose 代物时，相当于of which。

Do you know Peter whose father happens to be working in your company?

The tourist wanted to book a room whose window faces south.

=The tourist wanted to book a room the window of which faces south.

=The tourist wanted to book a room . The room’s window faces south.

（三）联系代词that, which 的用法

（1）在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which 和that 一般可通用。

The new house that/which I has just bought is about six miles away.

（2）限定性定语从句中只用that 而不必which 的状况。

A）先行词有形容词第一流润饰时

This is the best way that has been used against pollution.

B) 先行词有序数词润饰时

This is the third time that they have met.

C)主句已有疑问词who 或which 时

Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you?

D) 先行词既有人又有物时

He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.

E) 先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等不定代词时

It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails.

四、联系副词的用法（where, when, why）

联系副词在从句中均做状语，所以详细选用什么联系副词，首要取决于联系副词在从句中充任什么类型的状语。

（一）联系副词where 的用法

由联系副词where引导的定语从句，其先行词首要是表明地址的名词，如building, city, room等，where 在从句中作地址状语。

The hotel where we stayed was very clean.= The hotel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean.

（二）联系副词when 的用法

由when引导的定语从句，其先行词首要是表明时刻的名词，如 time, day, date,等，when 在从句中作时刻状语。

I’ll never forget the time when we first met in London .

=I’ll never forget the time during which we first met in London.

（三）联系副词why 的用法

由why 引导的定语从句，常用在先行词reason 后边，why 在句中作原因状语。

The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.

五、联系代词和联系副词引导的定语从句的差异

假如联系词在从句中制造主语或宾语，便是联系代词；假如联系词在定语从句中做状语，便是联系副词。例句比较：

This is the college (that/which) I visited.

This is the college where I studied three years ago.

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